Launch Vehicles

  

Launch Vehicles are used to transport and put satellites or spacecrafts into space. In India, the launch vehicles development programme began in the early 1970s. The first experimental Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-3) was developed in 1980. An Augmented version of this, ASLV, was launched successfully in 1992. India has made tremendous strides in launch vehicle technology to achieve self-reliance in satellite launch vehicle programme with the operationalisation of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). PSLV represents ISRO's first attempt to design and develop an operational vehicle that can be used to orbit application satellites. While SLV-3 secured for India a place in the community of space-faring nations, the ASLV provided the rites of passage into launch vehicle technology for ISRO. And with PSLV, a new world-class vehicle has arrived. PSLV has repeatedly proved its reliability and versatility by launching 44 satellites / spacecrafts (19 Indian and 25 for international customers) into a variety of orbits so far. ISRO also makes the Rohini series of sounding rockets used by the Indian and international scientific community to launch payloads to various altitudes for atmospheric research and other scientific investigations. These rockets are also used to qualify some of the critical systems used for advanced launch vehicles.

Landmark achievements in ISRO's Launch Vehicle Development

PSLV has 16 consecutively successful flights out of 17 launches PSLV used for launching a total of 25 satellites for foreign customers under commercial agreements, demonstrating its multi-satellite launch capability PSLV used to launch Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1), Chandrayaan-1 and ISRO's exclusive meteorological satellite, KALPANA-1, proving its versatility GSLV with four successful flights of seven launches can launch 2 to 2.5 tonne satellite into Geo-synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) Successful testing of indigenously developed cryogenic upper stage on November 15, 2007.

ISRO's Launch Fleet at a Glance
ISRO developed two experimental satellite launch vehicles, SLV-3 and ASLV Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle(PSLV) commissioned in 1997 Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-Mk I) commissioned after second successful flight in May 2003 GSLV - MK II will use indigenously developed cryogenic Upper Stage GSLV - MK III is under development SLV-3 Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 (SLV-3), India's first experimental satellite launch vehicle was successfully launched on July 18, 1980 from SHAR Centre Sriharikota, when Rohini satellite, RS-1, was placed in orbit. SLV-3 was a 22 m long, all solid, four stage vehicle weighing 17 tonnes capable of placing 40 kg class payloads in low earth orbit.  It employed an open loop guidance (with stored pitch programme) to steer the vehicle in flight along pre-determined trajectory. The first experimental flight of SLV-3, in August 1979, was only partially successful. Apart from the July 1980 launch, there were two more launches held in May 1981 and April 1983, orbiting Rohini satellites carrying remote sensing sensors. ASLV Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) was developed to act as a low cost intermediate vehicle to demonstrate and validate critical technologies. With a lift off weight of 40 tonnes, the 23.8 m tall ASLV was configured as a five stage, all-solid propellant vehicle, with a mission of orbiting 150 kg class satellites into 400 km circular orbits. The strap-on stage consisted of two identical 1m diameter solid propellant motors, Under the ASLV programme four developmental flights were conducted.  The first developmental flight took place on March 24, 1987 and the second on July 13, 1988. ASLV-D3 was successfully launched on May 20, 1992, when SROSS-C (106 kg) was put into an orbit of 255 x 430 km. ASLV-D4, launched on May 4, 1994, orbited SROSS-C2 weighing 106 kg. It had two payloads, Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) Experiment and Retarding Potentio Analyser (RPA) and functioned for seven years. ASLV provided valuable inputs for further development.

All Satellites in INDIA

Satellite Launch Date Launch Vehicle Type of Satellite RESOURCESAT-2 20.04.2011 PSLV-C16 Earth Observation Satellite YOUTHSAT 20.04.2011 PSLV-C16 Experimental / Small Satellite GSAT-5P 25.12.2010 GSLV-F06 Geo-Stationary Satellite STUDSAT 12.07.2010 PSLV-C15 Experimental / Small Satellite CARTOSAT-2B 12.07.2010 PSLV-C15 Earth Observation Satellite GSAT-4 15.04.2010 GSLV-D3 Geo-Stationary Satellite Oceansat-2 23.09.2009 PSLV-C14 Earth Observation Satellite ANUSAT 20.04.2009 PSLV-C12 Experimental / Small Satellite RISAT-2 20.04.2009 PSLV-C12 Earth Observation Satellite Chandrayaan-1 22.10.2008 PSLV-C11 Space Mission CARTOSAT - 2A 28.04.2008 PSLV-C9 Earth Observation Satellite IMS-1 28.04.2008 PSLV-C9 Earth Observation Satellite INSAT-4B 12.03.2007 Ariane-5ECA Geo-Stationary Satellite CARTOSAT - 2 10.01.2007 PSLV-C7 Earth Observation Satellite SRE - 1 10.01.2007 PSLV-C7 Experimental / Small Satellite INSAT-4CR 02.09.2007 GSLV-F04 Geo-Stationary Satellite INSAT-4C 10.07.2006 GSLV-F02 Geo-Stationary Satellite INSAT-4A 22.12.2005 Ariane-5GS Geo-Stationary Satellite HAMSAT 05.05.2005 PSLV-C6 Experimental / Small Satellite CARTOSAT-1 05.05.2005 PSLV-C6 Earth Observation Satellite EDUSAT (GSAT-3) 20.09.2004 GSLV-F01 Geo-Stationary Satellite Resourcesat-1(IRS-P6) 17.10.2003 PSLV-C5 Earth Observation Satellite INSAT-3A 10.04.2003 Ariane-5G Geo-Stationary Satellite INSAT-3E 28.09.2003 Ariane-5G Geo-Stationary Satellite GSAT-2 08.05.2003 GSLV-D2 Geo-Stationary Satellite KALPANA-1(METSAT) 12.09.2002 PSLV-C4 Geo-Stationary Satellite INSAT-3C 24.01.2002 Ariane-42L H10-3 Geo-Stationary Satellite Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) 22.10.2001 PSLV-C3 Earth Observation Satellite GSAT-1 18.04.2001 GSLV-D1 Geo-Stationary Satellite INSAT-3B 22.03.2000 Ariane-5G Geo-Stationary Satellite Oceansat(IRS-P4) 26.05.1999 PSLV-C2 Earth Observation Satellite INSAT-2E 03.04.1999 Ariane-42P H10-3 Geo-Stationary Satellite INSAT-2DT January 1998 Ariane-44L H10 Geo-Stationary Satellite IRS-1D 29.09.1997 PSLV-C1 Earth Observation Satellite INSAT-2D 04.06.1997 Ariane-44L H10-3 Geo-Stationary Satellite IRS-P3 21.03.1996 PSLV-D3 Earth Observation Satellite IRS-1C 28.12.1995 Molniya Earth Observation Satellite INSAT-2C 07.12.1995 Ariane-44L H10-3 Geo-Stationary Satellite IRS-P2 15.10.1994 PSLV-D2 Earth Observation Satellite Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-C2) 04.05.1994 ASLV Space Mission IRS-1E 20.09.1993 PSLV-D1 Earth Observation Satellite INSAT-2B 23.07.1993 Ariane-44L H10+ Geo-Stationary Satellite INSAT-2A 10.07.1992 Ariane-44L H10 Geo-Stationary Satellite Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-C) 20.05.1992 ASLV Space Mission IRS-1B 29.08.1991 Vostok Earth Observation Satellite INSAT-1D 12.06.1990 Delta 4925 Geo-Stationary Satellite INSAT-1C 21.07.1988 Ariane-3 Geo-Stationary Satellite Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-2) 13.07.1988 ASLV Earth Observation Satellite IRS-1A 17.03.1988 Vostok Earth Observation Satellite Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-1) 24.03.1987 ASLV Space Mission INSAT-1B 30.08.1983 Shuttle [PAM-D] Geo-Stationary Satellite Rohini (RS-D2) 17.04.1983 SLV-3 Earth Observation Satellite INSAT-1A 10.04.1982 Delta 3910 PAM-D Geo-Stationary Satellite Bhaskara-II 20.11.1981 C-1 Intercosmos Earth Observation Satellite Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE) 19.06.1981 Ariane-1(V-3) Geo-Stationary Satellite Rohini (RS-D1) 31.05.1981 SLV-3 Earth Observation Satellite Rohini (RS-1) 18.07.1980 SLV-3 Experimental / Small Satellite Rohini Technology Payload (RTP) 10.08.1979 SLV-3 Experimental / Small Satellite Bhaskara-I 07.06.1979 C-1 Intercosmos Earth Observation Satellite Aryabhata 19.04.1975 C-1 Intercosmos Experimental / Small Satellite

                                                                                    

                                                                                     see more Launch Vehicle details.....

Total black money in India?

Swiss bank revealed India has more money than rest of the world


This is so shocking.. ..If black money deposits was an Olympics event.. 
India would have won a gold medal hands down. The second best Russia has 
4 times lesser deposit. U.S. is not even there in the counting in top 
five! India has more money in Swiss banks 
than all the other countries combined! 


Recently, due to international pressure, the Swiss government agreed to 
disclose the names of the account holders only if the respective 
governments formally asked for it.. Indian government is not asking for 
the details... ..no marks for guessing why?


We need to start a movement to pressurize the government to do so! This 
is perhaps the only way, and a golden opportunity, to expose the high 
and mighty and weed out corruption! 
. 
Please read on..and forward to all the honest Indians to.. 
like somebody is forwarding to you... 
and build a ground-swell of support!for action ! 
. 
Is India poor, who says? Ask the Swiss banks. With personal account 
deposit bank of $1,500 billion in foreign reserve which have been 
misappropriated, an amount 13 times larger than the country's foreign 
debt, one needs to rethink if India is a poor country? 

DISHONEST INDUSTRIALISTS, scandalous politicians and corrupt IAS, IRS, 
IPS officers have deposited in foreign banks in their illegal personal 
accounts a sum of about $1500 billion, which have been misappropriated 
by them. This amount is about 13 times larger 
than the country's foreign debt. With this amount 45 crore poor 
people can get Rs 1,00,000 each. 

This huge amount has been appropriated from the people of India by 
exploiting and betraying them. Once this huge amount of black money and 
property comes back to India , the entire foreign debt can be repaid in 
24 hours. After paying the entire foreign debt, 
we will have surplus amount, almost 12 times larger than the foreign 
debt. If this surplus amount is invested in earning interest, the amount 
of interest will be more than the annual budget of the Central 
government. So even if all the taxes are abolished, 
then also the Central government will be able to maintain the country 
very comfortably. 

Some 80,000 people travel to Switzerland every year, of whom 25,000 
travel very frequently. 'Obviously, these people won't be tourists.. 
They must be travelling there for some other reason,' believes an 
official involved in tracking illegal money.. And, clearly, 
he isn't referring to the commerce ministry bureaucrats who've 
been flitting in and out of Geneva ever since the World Trade 
Organisation (WTO) negotiations went into a tailspin! 

Just read the following details and note how these dishonest 
industrialists, scandalous politicians, corrupt officers, cricketers, 
film actors, illegal trade and protected wildlife operators, to name 
just a few, sucked this country's wealth and prosperity. 
This may be the picture of deposits in Swiss banks only. What about 
other international banks ? 

Black money in Swiss banks - Swiss Banking Association report, 2006 
details bank deposits in the territory of Switzerland by nationals of 
following countries : 



TOP FIVE 

INDIA $1,456 BILLION 

RUSSIA $470 BILLION 

U.K. $390 BILLION 

UKRAINE $100 BILLION 

CHINA $96 BILLION 

Now do the math's - India with $1,456 billion or $1.4 trillion has 
more money in Swiss banks than rest of the world combined. Public loot 
since 1947: 

Can we bring back our money ? It is one of the biggest loots witnessed 
by mankind - the loot of the Aam Aadmi (common man) since 1947, by his 
brethren occupying public office. It has been orchestrated by 
politicians, bureaucrats and some businessmen. 

The list is almost all-encompassing. No wonder, everyone in India loots 
with impunity and without any fear. What is even more depressing in that 
this ill-gotten wealth of ours has been stashed away abroad into secret 
bank accounts located in some of the world's 
best known tax havens. And to that extent the Indian economy has been 
stripped of its wealth. Ordinary Indians may not be exactly aware of how 
such secret accounts operate and what are the rules and regulations that 
go on to govern such tax havens. However, 
one may well be aware of 'Swiss bank accounts,' the shorthand for 
murky dealings, secrecy and of course pilferage from developing 
countries into rich developed ones. 

In fact, some finance experts and economists believe tax havens to be a 
conspiracy of the western world against the poor countries. By allowing 
the proliferation of tax havens in the twentieth century, the western 
world explicitly encourages the movement of 
scarce capital from the developing countries to the rich. In March 
2005, the Tax Justice Network (TJN) published a research finding 
demonstrating that $11.5 trillion of personal wealth was held offshore 
by rich individuals across the globe. 

The findings estimated that a large proportion of this wealth was 
managed from some 70 tax havens. Further, augmenting these studies of 
TJN, Raymond Baker - in his widely celebrated book titled 
'Capitalism' s Achilles Heel: Dirty Money and How to Renew the 
Free Market System' - estimates that at least $5 trillion have 
been shifted out of poorer countries to the West since the mid-1970. 

It is further estimated by experts that one per cent of the world's 
population holds more than 57 per cent of total global wealth, routing 
it invariably through these tax havens. 

How much of this is from India is anybody's guess ...???? 
if India is doing like this the annual tern over will be less and our market will have to close down (BSE\NSE) 



we have to trace out the black money when the polities have kept ? where there they use ? but they don't have correct tax details . all are illegal only

Micromax Mobile Price

Micromax Mobile Price List 2011

Micromax has become the largest Indian handset brand in less than 3 years. The latest micromax mobile price list in India has been put together to help you select a micromax mobile available within your budget.This list was last updated on 2011 1st November. with costs of mobiles on that day. The prices of the mobile phones are sourced from 9 different online stores. The price shown here is the best price found.

Micromax mobile price list in India 2011 with pictures and 92 models

Micromax Modu T Rs. 9,790	Micromax A70 Rs. 7,300	Micromax Bling 2 Rs. 6,175	Micromax X500 Rs. 5,450	Micromax X40 Rs. 4,637
Micromax Q80 Rs. 4,637	Micromax Q56 Rs. 4,586	Micromax Andro A60 Rs. 4,190	Micromax GC400 Rs. 3,809	Micromax Q66 Rs. 3,680
Micromax X600 Rs. 3,580	Micromax X560 Rs. 3,445	Micromax Q35 Rs. 3,310	Micromax QUBE X550 Rs. 3,299	Micromax Van Gogh X450 Rs. 3,260
Micromax Psych X505 Rs. 3,120	Micromax Q75 Rs. 3,032	Micromax GC256 Rs. 2,990	Micromax GC360 Rs. 2,990	Micromax GC275 Rs. 2,856
Micromax Bling Q55 Rs. 2,845	Micromax Q55 Bling - IIFA Edition Rs. 2,845	Micromax X330 Rs. 2,820	Micromax Pike X510 Rs. 2,820	Micromax X510 Rs. 2,820
Micromax X485 Rs. 2,690	Micromax Q50 Rs. 2,690	Micromax Q6 Rs. 2,680	Micromax Q5C Rs. 2,599	Micromax X360 Rs. 2,390
Micromax M2 Rs. 2,355	Micromax Q7 Rs. 2,339	Micromax Q4 Rs. 2,327	Micromax X370 Rs. 2,301	Micromax Q5 FB Rs. 2,290
Micromax Q3+ Rs. 2,238	Micromax Q3 Rs. 2,190	Micromax Gamolution G4 Rs. 2,187	Micromax X261 Rs. 2,150	Micromax X265 Rs. 2,139
Micromax X290 Rs. 2,090	Micromax Convertible X395 Rs. 2,067	Micromax X228 Rs. 2,023	Micromax X410 Rs. 2,019	Micromax X266 Rs. 2,017
Micromax X285 Rs. 1,999	Micromax X228+ Rs. 1,990	Micromax X222 Rs. 1,978	Micromax X270 Rs. 1,910	Micromax Q2 Rs. 1,900
Micromax X226 Rs. 1,882	Micromax X2i Plus Rs. 1,854	Micromax X235 Rs. 1,699	Micromax X226+ Rs. 1,690	Micromax X263 Rs. 1,675
Micromax X229 Rs. 1,619	Micromax X1i Rs. 1,590	Micromax Q2 Plus Rs. 1,490	Micromax X210 Rs. 1,424	Micromax Q1 Plus Rs. 1,299
Micromax Q1 Rs. 1,292	Micromax X200 Rs. 1,254	Micromax C114 Rs. 1,240	Micromax X11i Rs. 1,170

Normally price of mobile phones vary from state to state due to different tax rates. These prices are from online stores and hence this Micromax mobile price list is valid for all major cities including Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Chennai